RESUMO
Background: Women in Chile are mainly responsible in the formation of eating habits in the population, particularly at their homes. Aim: To explore the association of physical activity and alimentary habits with overweight among adult Chilean women in fertile age. Material and Methods: Cross sectional study using the data from de National Health Survey 2009-2010. Socio-demographic variables, dietary issues, multidimensional physical activity, sedentary free time and their link with nutritional status were studied in a sample of 1,195 women aged between 20 and 44 years. Results: Sixty three percent of women were overweight. The factors positively associated overweight were having an age between 31 and 44 years (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.4), having a lower education level (PR = 1.23), living in rural areas (PR = 2.21) and being exposed to work environment (PR = 1.29). The factors negatively associated with overweight were the consumption of whole grains at least once daily (PR = 0.59), being physically active according to a self-assessment scale (PR = 0.22) and being physically inactive during leisure time (PR = 0.61). Conclusions: The promotion whole grain cereal consumption and physical activity in women is advisable to prevent overweight, mostly in vulnerable groups such as those older than 31 years, with a low educational level and living rural areas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Chile/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Fatores Etários , Sobrepeso/etiologia , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Comportamento SedentárioRESUMO
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar una intervención en educación nutricional y actividad física para prevenir obesidad en escolares chilenos, mediante seguimiento longitudinal de tres años. La muestra incluyó 597 niños de 4 a 7 años asistentes a 7 escuelas públicas de una comuna de bajo nivel socioeconómico de Santiago. Los principales aspectos de la intervención fueron: capacitación de profesores para que apliquen un programa de educación nutricional, aumento de las clases de educación física de 3 a 4 sesiones semanales y mejoría de su calidad. Se midió: Peso (P), Talla (T), circunferencia de cintura (CC) y test de caminata de 6 minutos (TM6). Se calculó IMC, Z IMC, % de escolares normales (N), sobrepeso (SP) y obesos (OB), CC > percentil 90 (NHANES III) y condición física (T6M/talla). Se evaluaron los cambios anuales de Z IMC, CC, TM6 y TM6/talla usando el test de repeticiones de ANOVA y el test de proporciones. Se evaluaron cambios en conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable en 2 de los 3 años. Los resultados mostraron que el porcentaje de obesidad (17%) no cambió los primeros dos años, sin embargo aumentó el tercer año a un 19,3%; Z IMC aumentó de 0,3 a 0,38 (p=0,052) en los N, sin cambio en SP y disminuyendo significativamente en los OB (2,73 a 2,41 p<0,0001). % CC >percentil 90 disminuyó en los SP y OB. El incremento en el TM6 fue mayor en los N. La condición física mejoró en todos los niños, pero fue significativo sólo en los N (p=0,0002). Hubo un aumento significativo en los conocimientos alimentarios. Se concluye que a pesar de una disminución en el Z IMC de los OB y una mejoría en la condición física de los N y de los conocimientos en todos los escolares, la obesidad aumentó al tercer año. Este estudio muestra que a nivel escolar es necesario implementar intervenciones más intensas y con otro tipo de metodologías, para impedir que la obesidad infantil continúe aumentando.
Evaluation of an obesity prevention intervention which includednutrition education and physical activity applied in public schools of Santiago, Chile . The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an obesity prevention intervention which included nutrition education and physical activity applied to low income Chilean children in a longitudinal three-year follow-up study. Participants included all 4-7 year old children from 7 public schools located in a low socioeconomic district of Santiago. The main aspects of the intervention were: training of teachers so they could apply an educational program on healthy eating, increase in physical education classes from 3 to 4 per week, and improvement of their quality. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) were assessed yearly in 597 children. We calculated BMI, BMI Z, % normal (N), overweight (OW) and obesity (OB), WC > 90th percentile (NHANES III) and fitness (6MWD/ height). Annual changes in BMI Z, WC, 6MWD and fitness were assessed, using repeated measures ANOVA and the test of proportions. Knowledge in healthy eating was assessed during 2 of the 3 years. Results showed that % OB remained unchanged for 2 years (17%) but increased to 19.3 % at follow-up. BMI Z increased from 0.3 to 0.38 (p= 0.052) in the N, remained unchanged in the OW, while decreasing significantly in the OB (2.73 to 2.41 p< 0.0001). % WC > 90 th percentile decreased in the OW and OB; 6 MWD was higher in the OW, but the increase in distance overtime was greater among the N. Overall fitness improved, however it was only significant among the N (p= 0.0002). There was a significant increase in food knowledge. We conclude that in spite of a decrease in BMI Z of the OB, an improvement in fitness in the N and food knowledge in all the children, obesity increased at follow- up. This study shows that in school-based obesity programs it is necessary to apply more intense interventions with another type of methodology; otherwise this condition will continue to rise.